The molecular basis of cold and hygro-sensing in Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae

The understanding basic biological mechanisms, like for example the sensation of external stimuli are the foundation for medical relevant studies. In the last 100 years, Drosophila melanogaster has been established as a genetically accessible model organism and is used for basic research. The extensive molecular toolset available for the fruit fly combined with the conservation of many processes compared with other organisms, makes this organism suitable for studying many questions. In this comparative and interdisciplinary proposal, we will use the genetically accessible, well-studied model of Drosophila melanogaster to probe the molecular details of moisture/humidity sensing. This is of special importance, as basic understanding of the mechanism how cold or humidity is sensed on the cellular level is not described to date. The sensation of high temperature in Drosophila is mediated by different receptor molecules, among them members of a conserved family of receptors, the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels. These receptors were found to be thermo-receptors in many organisms from flies to humans {Patapoutian, 2005 #100}. Recently the Ionotropic Receptors IR25a and IR93a were identified as key mediators of cold and hygrosensation in the fruit fly by Prof Garritys lab. Interestingly, both of these receptors can produce multiple alternative receptor isoforms with potentially distinct functions. Furthermore, whether the receptor complexes participate in hygro- or cold sensing seems to depend on a third receptor. Detailed analysis of the different isoforms and receptor complexes will bring insights into basic molecular mechanisms of sensory cells and polymodality of these receptors. In further experiments, the newly established CRISPR/Cas9 system will be used in mosquitos to analyze, whether basic mechanisms of cold and moisture sensing are conserved between species. Identification and detailed description of receptors that are used for host seeking in this mosquito are potential targets for insect repellants or traps.

Project details

Basic Science
Vector Control

Jan 2017 — Jun 2018

$79,952

United States