Integrated vector control measures on malaria prevalence and transmission in western Kenya

Objectives

To assess the added effect of both indoor residual spraying (IRS) and Bacillus-based larvicides (Bti) in addition to ITN in the western Kenyan highlands.

Aquatic habitats were searched thoroughly by a team of technicians accompanied by field assistants from local villages. Bti granules (CG formulation, VectoMax, Valent BioSciences Corp, Illinois, USA) were applied, following guidelines provided by manufacturer, in all aquatic habitats in all intervention clusters, regardless of habitat type, size, and presence/absence of mosquito larvae.